Grappling

Current IJF judo scoring: ippon, waza-ari and yuko, pin times, golden score and accurate shido/leg-grab distinctions.

ADCC championship scoring and match lengths, plus the beginner, intermediate and masters restrictions you must check before using heel hooks.

NAGA gi/no-gi scoring, divisions and skill levels, with verified weigh-in clothing, allowances, retries and adult timing.

Find the correct JJWL men’s and women’s gi/no-gi chart, understand youth brackets, and check clothing, boundaries and event deadlines.

In catch wrestling a pin loses you the match; in BJJ it costs points. That one rule explains the guard, the submissions and the whole difference between the two arts.

Catch wrestling explained: you win by pin or submission, and it is the only major wrestling style that allows both leg attacks and joint locks. How it became Olympic freestyle, and how it reached modern MMA.

Sambo is a standing art with a ground finish; BJJ is a ground art with a standing entry. A rule-book comparison of submissions, guard, uniforms and MMA transfer.

Sambo bans chokes and allows leg locks; judo does the opposite. A rule-book comparison of uniforms, throws, scoring, leg grabs and which transfers better to MMA.

Combat Sambo allows strikes and chokes; Sport Sambo bans both. The throws, scoring and bout length are identical — compared from the official FIAS rule books.

What Sambo is, where it came from, and how it is scored — from the official FIAS rule book. Sport Sambo bans chokes but allows leg locks, the mirror image of judo.